The Constitution in Private-Law Relationships

Abstract

The study explores how constitutional rights may apply within private-law relationships and analyzes the theoretical and practical debates surrounding the issue of horizontal effect in Hungary. It outlines the models of direct and indirect applicability and examines the uncertain, case-by-case practice of both the Constitutional Court and ordinary courts. The article concludes that the Hungarian legal system is shifting toward indirect horizontal effect, ensuring the protection of fundamental rights through constitutionally consistent interpretation of legislation.