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Abstract
Aim: This study examines how the armed conflicts between 2020 and 2025—most notably the Russian–Ukrainian war—shaped Hungary’s migration landscape, in comparison to the indirect effects of Middle Eastern and African crises.
Methodology: A mixed-methods approach integrates international statistics, legal documents and peer-reviewed literature within a comparative narrative framework.
Findings: The war in Ukraine triggered unprecedented temporary protection mechanisms and generated substantial humanitarian pressure, whereas other conflicts primarily affected Hungary through indirect, Europe-level political and institutional dynamics.
Value: The paper highlights Hungary’s dual migration narrative rooted in the privileging of perceived national interests, along with the challenges of securitisation, offering added value to policy debates and academic research.
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