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Abstract
Aim: Political science includes many disciplines outside of law, such as sociology, psychology, or economic sciences, which bring systems of criteria to the examination of equal treatment, allowing public service to be viewed from multiple perspectives and thus more realistically. In this research, the author aimed to move beyond subjective presuppositions and sought to respond to the assumptions and formulations of certain researchers that refer to the narrowing of the concept, its perceived lack of necessity, or its one-sided presentation. The author grouped the mentions of concepts found in the articles according to subject areas, with the goal of identifying in which fields and in what relationships the concept may appear. Another objective was to determine how these relationships affect the applicability of the concept and to gain insight into the issues that currently concern researchers in connection with it.
Methodology: The author attempted to naturally define the concept of equal treatment by examining the occurrence of the indicated concept in the latest research. In the course of the research, Google's search engine was used, and the author deliberately disregarded university rankings, researchers' academic advancement, authority, or other preferences when selecting the articles. The author also intentionally avoided presenting the concept in an unduly elaborate manner; the selection of articles followed the order provided by the search engine.
Findings: In general, research may face two major challenges: one is the lack of sufficient data, while the other is the presence of an overwhelming amount of data within the subject area, which may require months or even years to process, depending on the researcher’s available knowledge and technological resources. Given the binding nature of public service, the investigation of equal treatment is worth pursuing, on the one hand, within the four-pole structure of the state, employer, official obligations, and the relationship between officials and users of public services. Equal treatment can also be examined from the perspective of legal compliance. In principle, these four poles can be expanded to include supervisory and enforcement authorities, affected individuals and groups, civil society, and non-governmental organizations.
Value: This research aims to identify the current research areas of equal treatment by reviewing the latest studies in line with contemporary trends. The author finds that the conceptual occurrence of equal treatment today can be categorized into at least four distinct approaches: political, legal, psychological, and technological. Accordingly, the traditional public service framework—based on classical obligations (state, employer, official obligations, and the relationship between officials and users of public services)—should be expanded to incorporate these approaches equally. This remains valid even if these categories occasionally intertwine or form subsets of one another.
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