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Abstract
Aim: Human smuggling and irregular migration is one of the biggest challenges facing the European Union and many other countries in the world. Therefore, law enforcement authorities have a priority task in detecting irregular migration-related crimes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of the MMD01 handheld detector developed by Grant Detection s.r.o. in the Hungarian law enforcement environment.
Methodology: Usability test was conducted between November 2023 and January 2024. The device was tested in a real law enforcement and laboratory environment as well.
Findings: The average time of the measurements with the MMD01 was 23.87 seconds (SD = 3.17; CI 95%: 23.00 - 24.73). In real environmental measurements, the detector gave a correct, valid signal in the majority of cases (64.8%). The results indicate that even in light winds, the detector is 8.2 times more likely to give a false signal (OR = 8.2; p = 0.001). However, the percentage of correct signals was 85.7% in calm conditions. The accuracy of the device was not affected by the precipitation or the type of vehicles controlled. The detector can be used with high reliability in law enforcement practice. The combined results of the real environmental measurements and the laboratory measurements show that the detector gave correct results in 75.9% of the tests. The measurement efficiency of the device was 85.5% when intentional distortion was excluded.
Value: The study presents the applicability of a handheld detector that has not yet been used in Hungarian law enforcement practice. The results of the research could help Hungarian law enforcement agencies in the future use of the device.
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