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Abstract
Aim: The current issue of the International Law Enforcement Observer presents a broad spectrum of topics originating from countries with significantly different socio-economic and cultural contexts. The Republic of South Africa and Azerbaijan represent distinct environments, and the focus areas of the articles are similarly divergent. Drawing a connection between fear of crime and cannabis legalisation would be difficult and, in this case, was not the editors' intention. Instead, the aim is to draw attention to the diversity of criminological research illustrated by international examples.
Methodology: The issue reflects a wide array of research methodologies. Zsolt Lippai’s study highlights the potential role of private security in addressing domestic violence, in addition to the involvement of public authorities. Gábor Bartus’s review introduces a criminological study that explores manifestations of racial and ethnic bias in the criminal justice system of England and Wales.
Findings: Bíborka Horváth’s article points out that, despite a criminal law framework based on zero tolerance toward drugs, there are arguments advocating a more lenient approach—particularly when supported by medical, public health, and social evidence. Hunor Lehel András’s review, based on Azerbaijani research, demonstrates that international studies often reflect patterns previously observed in Hungary, especially regarding the correlation between fear of crime and victimisation.
Value: Criminologically grounded scientific inquiry can significantly enhance the effectiveness of crime prevention, strengthen personal and property security, reduce prejudice in the administration of justice, and promote a supportive and rehabilitative criminal policy.
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