Data about data, i.e. the possibilities of analyzing metadata, with a special focus on organized crime

Abstract

Aim: In this study we examine metadata as digital traces to be obtained during a criminal investigation. After defining and categorizing metadata, we can learn the mechanism of its generation, the importance of collecting and capturing it. The aim of our study is to point out that the goal of organized criminal circles to hide traces of their activities from law enforcement is not successful, as not all metadata can be destroyed.
Methodology: In the course of our research, we examined the domestic and international literature to determine whether the methods and tools uniformly interpreted and applied in different countries can be used effectively in the fight against organized crime. We are also looking for an answer to whether these methods and tools are suitable for extracting and effectively using all metadata in investigations and evidence.
Findings: The collection of secret information, the use of covert means, the acquisition of open source information, and a number of information and data come into the possession of the authorities on the basis of individual investigative acts. However, in addition to the evaluation of these, it is becoming increasingly important to process the new information extracted from the analysis of metadata, analyzing it independently and in the con text of all available information and data. The information extracted from metadata can help, among other things, with the composition, members and scope of activities of organized criminal groups, which can also be processed using individual or combined forms of analysis.
Value: The topicality of the topic is unquestionable, as the situation caused by COVID–19 clearly confirms our hypothesis that the field of activity of the perpetrators is increasingly being transferred to cyberspace. Further research on the subject is expected in the near future, as it is in the common interest of all law enforcement agencies and society as a whole to take more effective action against organized crime.